Majid and Miah Properties v The Commissioners for HMRC

The present appeal concerns:

With the consent of the parties the form of the hearing was by video using the Tribunal Video Platform. It was expedient and in the interests of justice for a video hearing to be held. The Tribunal was provided with a bundle of documents of 268 pages, an authorities bundle, and a number of additional documents provided on behalf of the Appellant by email dated 22 August 2022. Prior notice of the hearing had been published on the gov.uk website, with information about how representatives of the media or members of the public could apply to join the hearing remotely in order to observe the proceedings. As such, the hearing was held in public.

The Appellant partnership was registered for VAT from 20 January 2010 on the basis that it intended to make taxable supplies by letting the Property to Mehfil. The partners of the Appellant were also directors of Mehfil. The Appellant had purchased the Property and, on 8 March 2010, exercised an option to tax, such that any supplies made in connection with it would be subject to VAT thereby also entitling the Appellants to claim input tax in connection with expenditure incurred on the purchase and refit of the Property for use, by Mehfil, as an Indian restaurant.

The refit of the Property took some time and no supplies were made in connection with it for some considerable period during which input tax was claimed.

On 6 August 2016 the Appellant and Mehfil signed a fifteen-year commercial lease of the Property with a commencement date of 3 August 2015. Pursuant to the lease rent was due at £500 per week (£2166.67 per month) from 1 September 2016. The terms of the lease provided for the Mehfil to be responsible for the repair and renewals of the interior of the Property, The Appellants were responsible for the repairs to the structure of the Property.

On 28 July 2016 HMRC visited the Appellant’s agent at the agent’s premises and examined the Appellant’s VAT records. At that visit HMRC identified a schedule of input tax claims to which HMRC considered the Appellant had no entitlement. There were various reasons given for this lack of entitlement: 1) claims were made against pro forma and not VAT invoices; 2) the invoices were not in the name of the Appellant; 3) the supplies were those more apposite to the business of Mehfil than that of the Appellant.

The Appellant’s representative confirmed that Mehfil had gone into occupation of the Property in accordance with the terms of the lease. However, HMRC considered that the rent commencement date of 1 September 2016 was a typographical error, and that rent was, in fact due from 1 September 2015. HMRC concluded that output tax had been under declared by the Appellant on rental received.

Absent a satisfactory explanation for the under declaration of output tax or the over claim of input tax the Input Tax and Output Tax Assessments were duly raised as recorded in paragraph [1] above.

By correspondence dated 16 February 2018 the Appellant sought to contest the Output Tax assessment in full. Of the Input Tax Assessments the Appellants contested £13,054 accepting that some of the disallowed input tax was proper to Mehfil rather than the Appellant. Of the contested sum the Appellants contended the VAT concerned the redevelopment and fit out of the Property.

There was no dispute between the parties as to the law by refence to which this appeal is to be determined.

The Appellant accepted that HMRC has the power to assess pursuant to section 73 Value Added Tax 1994 (VATA) to the best of their judgment where VAT returns are incorrect or incomplete.

The Appellant accepted that in order to give rise to a claim to input tax the supplies on which the VAT was charged had to be supplies made to the Appellant for use in its business and must be supported by an invoice or some other evidence which supported the claim.

In connection with the output tax assessment VAT will be due where there is a supply made for which a tax point has arisen in a period which has been the subject of one of the assessed periods i.e. 11/15 to 11/17.

The basic tax point rule for services, provided under s6(3) VATA is that the time of supply is when the services are performed.

Regulation 90 Value Added Tax Regulations 1995 provides that where services are supplied for a period for a consideration the whole or part of which is determined or payable periodically or from time to time, they shall be treated as separately and successively supplies at the earlier of the date on which payment is received by the supplier or each time the supplier issues a VAT invoice relating to the supplies. Thus where there is no payment or invoice no time of supply arises in connection with a continuous supply of services. There are anti avoidance provisions found in regulation 94B which triggers an annual tax point between connected parties where the recipient of the supply is not entitled to full input tax recovery.

Section 84(5) VATA provides that where it is found that the amount of an assessment is less than it ought to have been and the Tribunal gives a direction specifying the correct amount the assessment shall have effect as an assessment of the amount specified in the direction.

The Tribunal had the benefit of a bundle of documents and oral evidence from Mr Majid and Ms Kotak (the reviewing officer at HMRC). The Tribunal accepted Mr Majid’s evidence as honest. Ms Kotak was not directly involved in the making of the assessments but was nevertheless helpful to the Tribunal. From the evidence received the Tribunal finds the following facts:

HMRC have assessed the Appellant in respect of output tax they consider was under declared on the basis that there was a liability for Mehfil to pay rent from 1 September 2015 through to November 2017. This was so despite Ms Kotak accepting that, by reference to Trip Advisor there was no evidence that Mehfil had traded beyond February 2017. Ms Kotak considered that the rent commencement date in the lease was a typographical error and, by reference to the flood grant application it was apparent that Mehfil was trading at a level which would have permitted the payment of £500 per week in rent. Interestingly, as it is a matter of public record, Ms Kotak did not confirm whether Mehfil was VAT registered. VAT registration might have indicated a level of trade which supported HMRC’s position on the affordability of the rents. Ms Kotak also referenced the terms of the lease which provided for the forfeiture of the lease on non-payment of rent which had apparently not been exercised, implying that rent had been paid.

As indicated above Mr Majid was clear, and the Tribunal accepts that Mehfil was given a 1 year rent free period but, in any event, did not pay any rent.

Ms Donovan did not cross examine Mr Majid on the forfeiture clause despite being reminded by the Tribunal that all aspects of HMRC’s case must be put to him and that any aspect of his evidence which was not the subject of cross examination would be accepted.

On the basis of the evidence the Tribunal concludes that there was a continuous supply of services under the lease agreement but for the first 12 months there was a rent-free period in respect of which no VAT would have been due. Rent was due from 1 September 2016 to 1 February 2017 but was not paid and as such there was no tax point arising under regulation 90. However, on the basis of the finding that the lease was terminated in February 2017, the Appellant would have become liable under the basic tax rules to VAT on the rent which was due on the 6 rental payments which had fallen due after 1 September 2016.

HMRC have assessed for those rental payments month by month in periods 11/16 and 02/17. They have also assessed for the rent-free period.

The Tribunal determines that the assessments in periods 11/15 – 08/16 are not due because of the rent-free period. No VAT is due in period 11/16 because no tax point arose in that period. For 02/17 VAT on the 6 months rent which had become due should have been taxed. HMRC only taxed for 3 months rent. The Tribunal directs that the assessment for 02/17 be increased to £2166. No VAT was due for periods 05/17 – 08/17 as the lease had come to an end in February 2017.

As such the only period for which the output tax is due is 02/17 in the sum £2166. The remaining periods are set aside.

In order to succeed in respect of the uncontested elements of the input tax assessments the Appellant must show that it was the recipient of the supplies in question and that either they hold a valid invoice or that HMRC have unreasonably refused to accept alternative evidence supporting the claim to input tax.

The Appellant produced a detailed schedule explaining why the uncontested input tax should be recoverable.

As regards the supplies in which the invoices were addressed to the builders it was claimed it was plain that the supplies related to the redevelopment and fit out and as such were made to the Appellant. HMRC however, resisted these claims on the basis that such supplies were stated to have been made to the builders. Mr Majid was not cross examined on his statement that Mr Ashton was not registered for VAT, and it would therefore have made sense for the Appellant to order building supplies in order that the VAT could be recovered. Despite the invoices being issued in Mr Ashton’s name the Tribunal is prepared to accept that the purchases were made through the agency of Mr Ashton who would not and could not have claimed input tax and it is therefore reasonable to allow, on the basis of alternative evidence, recovery of the VAT in respect of:

There was no evidence as to the VAT status of the other builders to whom invoices were raised, as such those builders may have recovered the VAT. The VAT on invoices to John Oldfield and RN Builders are therefore properly assessed.

There were a group of invoices where were addressed to Mehfil by the structural engineers who undertook the work on the Property. Given the terms of the lease and the dates of the supplies (in 2012) it is highly implausible that the supplies were made to Mehfil. The Tribunal considers on the balance of probabilities that the supplies were in respect of the structure/fabric of the building and whilst the invoices are in the name of Mehfil they can be accepted as alternative evidence of a supply to the Appellant. These invoices total £560.00 in period 11/12, £110.00 in period 02/13 and £650.00 in period 08/13.

For a significant proportion of the other invoices which were addressed to Mehfil it was not clear to what they really related and/or why, given that they were addressed to Mehfil all such input tax is therefore properly assessed.

Similarly for invoices addressed to extraneous third parties and pro forma invoices.

The Tribunal therefore directs that the assessments be amended such that the following sums are assessed:

The Appeal therefore succeeds in part.

Pursuant to section 84(5) VATA the output tax assessment for period 02/17 shall have effect as an assessment in the amount of £2,166.

This document contains full findings of fact and reasons for the decision. Any party dissatisfied with this decision has a right to apply for permission to appeal against it pursuant to Rule 39 of the Tribunal Procedure (First-tier Tribunal) (Tax Chamber) Rules 2009. The application must be received by this Tribunal not later than 56 days after this decision is sent to that party. The parties are referred to “Guidance to accompany a Decision from the First-tier Tribunal (Tax Chamber)” which accompanies and forms part of this decision notice.